Having lived in three separate European countries in the past 25 years I can safely say that European countries are taking environmental issues quite seriously, especially with the directives imposed by the European parliament.
It ranges from subsidizing the purchase of solar panels, to the country wide incentive of trash separation. Levels of separation varies between countries, but cardboard and glass are a common denominator, then some separate paper and metal, while others collect biological trash separately for fertiliser production. In any case, every trash that is recycled is a lower cost in raw materials, hence lower energy requirements and therefore lower CO2 emissions.
Nowadays, at least in Luxembourg, buildings get energy ratings, such as fridges and other utility products already get, and you cannot build anything new under a certain grade. I myself only use low consumption lamps in my home and have all my electronics connected to a switch based extension cord, as to shut everything off before going to sleep, instead of leaving them on stand-by. It saves on the environment and on the energy bill at the end of the month.
Many countries are investing massively in renewable energy production. Portugal has already maxed out its dam building sites, while Spain is building many pilot solar power plants. Germany has almost, if not crossed already, the 20% renewable energy production. Iceland is aiming for a 100% renewable energy production, relying heavily on its geothermal resources. Denmark is building immense sea based windmill parks. Alternative ways of saving on energy are being thought all over. There are tests performed with wave energy gathering as well as public buildings’ air conditioning being tied together to heat one building while cooling the other.
Likewise, although oil from fracking has been a huge thing in the US and lately in Poland, countries such as the U.K. and France have banned it from their country as there is no knowledge yet on the possible environmental implications. Also, after the Fukushima incident, Germany is completely abandoning its nuclear power program.
Regarding one of the major CO2 production sources, cars, every European car maker is joining the ballet of proposing an electric car, but the high cost of buying a new one is still a barrier for many people.
In the end, I’d say there is a general awareness in Europe and also a sense of us being the shepherd. Emerging countries have no time for environmental considerations, while the US seems to be on the fence, so we feel like we have to be the first to show how its done. Unfortunately, with the financial crisis the initial research boost and governmental spending for renewables’ support has decreased and it seems it will take longer now than ever to reach acceptable CO2 emission rates within the time frame allocated to not heat our planet.
So in my opinion, global warming is happening and will keep on going. The measures to stop it fully have not been taken and will not be taken in a timely fashion. Therefore we will see more natural disasters happen over the world, such as tornados, droughts, heat waves, cold waves, etc. The only thing we can do is all chip in where we can and reduce our emissions by a little, every day. Walk to the bakery instead of taking the car if it is within walking distance, take the bus or car pooling instead of driving alone to work, shut down the lights in rooms where we are not, favour unprocessed food over processed one, consider buying the gold rated PSU when building a PC instead of the no efficiency rating one, etc.