depends heavily on the compile options you use and power of your machine.
bsp -meta is the fastest, any vis compiling can take longer especially if you have a lot of structural brushes in your map, and light compiling will be slower if you have additional options (switches) like -filter or -samples or -bounce, and the more lights your map has will affect that compiling stage.
so if you only testing geometry and textures, then a bsp -meta compile is probably all you would need.
if you testing vis, then you can use a -fast switch on that stage of the compile.
and if your using a sky shader, especially one with q3map_sunext then the last to values can be lowered to speed up the light stage.
also with both vis and light compiles, if you dont need to test the whole map, then region compiling is a great time saver, which is set up from radiants region menu.